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  <h1 class="h11">外篇 卷五十二 尚博</h1>
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<div class="articleContent" id="articleContent"> <p>抱朴子曰：正经为道义之渊海，子书为增深之川流。仰而比之，则景星之佐三辰也；俯而方之，则林薄之裨嵩岳也。虽津途殊辟，而进德同归；虽离於举趾，而合於兴化。故通人总原本以括流末，操纲领而得一致焉。古人叹息於才难，故谓百世为随踵，不以璞非昆山而弃耀夜之宝，不以书不出圣而废助教之言。是以闾陌之拙诗，军旅之鞫誓，或词鄙喻陋，简不盈十，犹见撰录，亚次典诰，百家之言，与善一揆。譬操水者，器虽异而救火同焉；犹针炙者，术虽殊而攻疾均焉。</p><p>汉魏以来，群言弥繁，虽义深於玄渊，辞赡於波涛，施之可以臻徵祥於天上，发嘉瑞於後土，召环雉於大荒之外，安圜堵於函夏之内，近弭祸乱之阶，远垂长世之祉。然时无圣人，目其口藻，故不得骋骅騄之迹於千里之途，编近世之道於三坟之末也。拘系之徒，桎梏浅隘之中，挈瓶训诂之间，轻奇贱异，谓为不急。或云小道不足观，或云广博乱人思，而不识合锱铢可齐重於山陵，聚百十可以致数於亿兆，群色会而衮藻丽，众音杂而韶濩和也。或贵爱诗乘浅近之细文，忽薄深美富博之子书，以磋切之至言为騃拙，以虚华之小辩为妍巧，真伪颠倒，玉石混淆，同广乐於桑间，钧龙章於卉服。悠悠皆然，可叹可慨也！</p><p>或曰：“著述虽繁，适可以骋辞耀藻，无补救於得失，未若德行不言之训。故颜闵为上而游夏乃次。四科之格，学本而行末，然则缀文固为余事，而吾子不褒崇其源，而独贵其流，可乎？”抱朴子答曰：“德行为有事，优劣易见。文章微妙，其体难识。夫易见者粗也，难识者精也。夫唯粗也，故铨衡有定焉；夫唯精也，故品藻难一焉。吾故舍易见之粗，而论难识之精，不亦可乎１</p><p>或曰：“德行者本也，文章者末也。故四科之序，文不居上。然则著纸者，糟粕之余事；可传者，祭毕之刍狗。卑高之格，是可识矣。文之体略，可得闻乎？”</p><p>抱朴子曰：“荃可以弃而鱼未获，则不得无荃；文可以废而道未行，则不得无文。若夫翰迹韵略之宏促，属辞比事之疏密，源流至到之修短，蕴藉汲引之深浅。其悬绝也，虽天外毫内，不足以喻其辽邈；其相倾也，虽三光熠耀，不足以方其巨细。龙渊铅铤，未足譬其锐钝；鸿羽积金，未足比其轻重。清浊叁差，所禀有主，朗昧不同科，强弱各殊气，而俗士唯见能染毫画纸者，便概之一例。斯伯牙所以永思锺子，郢人所以格斤不运也。盖刻削者比肩，而班狄擅绝手之称；援琴者至众，而夔襄专知音之难。厩马千驷，而骐骥有邈群之价；美人万计，而威施有超世之容。盖有远过众者也。</p><p>“且夫文章之与德行，犹十尺之与一丈，谓之余事，未之前闻。夫上天之所以垂象，唐虞之所以为称，大人虎炳，君子豹蔚，昌旦定圣谥於一字，仲尼从周之郁，莫非文也。八卦生鹰隼之所被，六甲出灵龟之所负，文之所在，虽贱犹贵，犬羊之鞟，未得比焉。且夫本不必皆珍，末不必悉保譬若锦绣之因素地，珠玉之居蚌石，云雨生於肤寸，江 河始於咫尺尔。则文章虽为德行之弟，未可呼为余事也。”</p><p>或曰：“今世所为，多不及古，文章著述，又亦如之。岂气运衰杀，自然之理乎？”抱朴子答曰：“百家之言，虽有步起，皆出硕儒之思，成才士之手，方之古人，不必悉减也。或有汪濊玄旷，合契作者，内辟不测之深源，外播不匮之远流，其所祖宗也高，其所紬绎也妙，变化不系滞於规矩之方圆，旁通不凝阂於一途之逼促，是以偏嗜酸咸者，莫能知其味，用思有限者，不能得其神也。夫应龙徐举，顾眄凌云，汗血缓步，呼吸千里，而蝼虫岂怪其无阶而高致，驽蹇患其过己之不渐也。若夫驰骤於诗论之中，周旋於传记之间，而以常情览巨异，以褊量测无涯，以至粗求至精，以甚浅揣甚深，虽始自髫龀，讫於振素，犹不得也。</p><p>夫赏快者必誉之以好，而不得晓者，必毁之以恶，自然之理也。於是以其所不解者为虚诞，慺诚以为尔，未必违情以伤物也。又世俗率神贵古昔而黩贱同时：虽有追风之骏，犹谓之不及造父之所御也；虽有连城之珍，犹谓之不及楚人之所泣也；虽有疑断之剑，犹谓之不及欧冶之所铸也；虽有起死之药，犹谓之不及和鹊之所合也；虽有超群之人，犹谓之不及竹帛之所载也；虽有益世之书，犹谓之不及前代之遗文也。是以仲尼不见重於当时，大玄见蚩薄於比肩也。俗士多云，今山不及古山之高，今海不及古海之广，今日不及古日之热，今月不及古月之朗，何肯许今之才士，不减古之枯骨！重所闻，轻所见，非一世之所患矣。昔之破琴剿弦者，谅有以而然乎！</p> </div>
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